Urban Homelessness in Canada Essay -- Urban Homeless

Definition of HomelessnessHomelessness can simply be defined as the lack of house or shelter. Hulchanski (n.d.) believes that homelessness is a great unresolved political and sociable problem of our time. He defines homelessness asThe absence of a come on to live (a house or apartment or room - the physical structure) - which includes the absence of be to a place and the people living there (a home, in the social/psychological sense). It refers to situations in which people lack regular and customary access to fitting and appropriate conventional housing (the physical structures that are designed and intended to be permanent residential accommodation). A person who has no regular place to live stays in an overnight emergency shelter, an abandoned building, an all-night coffee shop or theatre, a car, outdoors, or other such places not meant to be living spaces (Hulchanski, n.d.).On the other hand, impost (2000) views homelessness as term encompassing many possible meanings. Springer suggests using the houselessness instead of homelessness. She also identifies Categories of Houselessness/Homelessness. According to Springer (2000), there are three categories of houselessness Absolute houselessness refers to people who use man or private housing. People sleeping rough, which means in the street, in public places or in any other place not meant for human habitation are those forming the core population of the homelessas well as those sleeping in shelters provided by welfare or other institutions (Springer, 2000).Concealed houselessness refers to people who are houseless but temporarily housed with friends or family. all people living wit... ...trieved March 30, 2007, from http//www.parkdalelegal.org/Homeless.htmPollack, G. (2001). Who are Canadas homeless?. Readers Digest (2001). Available at http//www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/44/244.htmlRaising the Roof. Case orbit Homeless Initiatives Fund. Retrieved M arch 30, 2007, from http//www.raisingtheroof.org/ss-case-dsp.cfm?casefile=Homeless_Initiatives_FundRaising the Roof. Case Study Literacy and Homelessness Project. Retrieved March 30, 2007, from http//www.raisingtheroof.org/ss-casedsp.cfm?casefile=Literacy_and_Homelessness_ProjectSpringer, S. (2000). Homelessness A proposal for a Global Definition and Classification. Habitat International, Vol. 24,Urban Homelessness in 11Toronto Report Card on Housing and Homelessness. (2003). Retrieved March 30, 2007, fromhttp//www.toronto.ca/homelessness/pdf/reportcard2003.pdf

Women :: History, Caribbean Women

During the twentieth century, poor women in the Caribbean were pulled into a predictable, gendered, motor pattern operating at investment sites in the region. In this pattern poor men leave home to find temporary, labor-intensive employment in the initial phases of economic development. Women do later to take up more permanent service employment as maids, domestics, and cleaners (Almer, 99). The significance of the quote is its showing the emergence of a labor model that has shaped the Caribbean for generations. In the beginning of the twentieth century poor eastern Caribbean women followed male migrant workers to various places such as the Panama Canal, Cuba, friar preacher Republic, Trinidad, Curacao, and Aruba in order to provide for their families. Eastern Caribbean women have developed their own family model, which include non-marital relationships and freedom to travel for work. According to eastern Caribbean social norms poor women are expected to have children and suppor t them financially. This results in women leaving their children with extended family and supporting them by working in distant places (99). During the Pre-1960s women migrant workers found employment as seamstresses, cooks, laundresses, and maids at labor camps located in the Panama Canal Zone, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic (100). When employment on these islands decreased, women followed the labor migrant pattern again by traveling to Trinidad, Curacao and Aruba to perform domestic work (101). The female labor migrants experienced a form of freedom and independence that came with consistent predictable wages. These migrant domestics were economic mainstays for their dependents left behind in their sending societies (101). The quote is showing how migrant women have moved from their economic status in their home township to now being able to support themselves and their families through steady employment. During the Post-1960s increased economic investment in tourism on the US and British staring(a) Islands, in addition to the Dutchs Aruba and St. Maarten brought again the labor migrant pattern of women coming to work in the tourism industry (101). The increase in tourism on the Virgin Islands brought with it increases in foreign born populations and in female workers. The general prosperity that was stimulated by tourism resulted in a demand for female workers, as maids and ancillary personal in hotels and gift shops and as domestics in private households (102). The quote shows how female labor plays an important lineament in the economies of these islands.